Actors Insights|Latest update04/07/2026

APT39

Named by MandiantSuspected state sponsor: Islamic Republic of Iran

APT39 is an Iranian state-linked cyber espionage group active since at least 2014, first publicly named by Mandiant in 2019. The group is distinguished by its systematic focus on the theft of personal information — particularly from telecommunications and travel companies — to support Iranian surveillance and tracking operations against individuals of interest. APT39 uses spear phishing, web shell deployment, and a suite of custom backdoors including SEAWEED, CACHEMONEY, and POWBAT. Its operations span the Middle East, Europe, and beyond. Symantec tracks the same cluster as Chafer, and IBM as ITG07.

First Seen:Dec 2014
Last Seen:Dec 2020
Indexed Reports:4
Public IOCs:60
Cluster: APT39Mitre: APT39Misp: APT39
also known as:
Chafer (Symantec)Remix Kitten (CrowdStrike)COBALT HICKMAN (SecureWorks)G0087 (Mitre)Radio Serpens (Palo Alto)TA454 (Proofpoint)ITG07 (IBM)Burgundy SandstormAPT39 (Mandiant)

Targeted Regions

Egypt
EG
Egypt
Egypt
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Europe
EU
Europe
Europe
Sep 2020 ~ Sep 2020
Iran
IR
Iran
Iran
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Dec 2014 ~ Dec 2020
Sep 2020 ~ Sep 2020
Iraq
IQ
Iraq
Iraq
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Israel
IL
Israel
Israel
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Kuwait
KW
Kuwait
Kuwait
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Middle East
ME
Middle East
Middle East
Sep 2020 ~ Sep 2020
Qatar
QA
Qatar
Qatar
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Saudi Arabia
SA
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Spain
ES
Spain
Spain
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Turkey
TR
Turkey
Turkey
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
United Arab Emirates
AE
United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
United States
US
United States
United States
Dec 2018 ~ Jan 2019
Sep 2020 ~ Sep 2020
Jan 2014Jun 2026

Targeted Sectors

JournalistsGovernment Agencies and ServicesTelecommunicationHuman RightsPro-DemocracyDissidentTourismUniversityInformation TechnologyTransportation

Disclaimer: We are working on indexing and analyzing relevant data and this process is not fully completed yet. Therefore, displayed details and statistics may will change in the future.